![]() ![]() Active measures range "from media manipulations to special actions involving various degrees of violence". 4 Russian Federation active measures, 1991 to presentĪctive measures were conducted by the Soviet and Russian security services ( Cheka, OGPU, NKVD, KGB, FSB) to influence the course of world events, in addition to collecting intelligence and producing revised assessments of it.3.4.3 Post World War II counter-insurgency operations. ![]()
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